A. Transition to the Stuart Dynasty
James VI ascended the English throne in 1603, uniting Scotland and England. His court brought Scottish and English musical traditions together.
B. Patronage and the Continuity of Court Music
James continued royal musical patronage, supporting composers like William Byrd and Orlando Gibbons.
- Masques and Pageantry: Music played a key role in masques, which became more elaborate under Stuart rule.
- Influence of Foreign Styles: Italian and French musical styles began to influence English court music.
C. James’s Own Musical Interests
James was less a musician than his predecessors but appreciated the arts and used them diplomatically.
Musical Instruments and Innovations in the Tudor and Stuart Courts
A. Popular Instruments
- Lute: The most fashionable instrument, essential in court music.
- Viol Family: Early string instruments similar to violins, used for consort music.
- Keyboard Instruments: Harpsichord and virginals gained popularity.
- Winds and Percussion: Recorders, shawms, and drums enriched court festivities.
B. Musical Forms and Genres
- Sacred Music: Choral works for religious services, e.g., masses and anthems.
- Secular Music: Madrigals, ayres, and instrumental dances.
- Consort Music: Ensemble pieces performed by groups of instruments. shutdown123